The management of animal research programs has evolved into a complex and multifaceted endeavor. Scientific discovery moves at a fast pace and our knowledge of animal science is continually expanding, demanding that those engaged in animal care and resource management as well as research, have the appropriate skills to ensure scientific integrity and animal welfare. This presentation will briefly highlight: expectations regarding personnel training and competency; basic strategies for developing training and competency mechanisms; common pitfalls encountered in training programs; and reaffirm the importance of this component of research animal program management.